PX

Parallel Execution ​

PX makes distributed computing feel like writing standard UNIX-style programs. You write code that reads from stdin or files and writes to stdout or files. PX handles the rest: spinning up cloud nodes, partitioning inputs, and running your code in parallel.

How PX Partitions Work ​

By default, PX assumes your input data is partitionable and automatically partitions it using a simple round-robin algorithm based on either input lines or input files.

Example: Processing 60,000 Images ​

Let's say you have:

  • 60,000 image files to process
  • 2 cloud nodes
  • 4 CPUs per node
  • Total: 8 available cores

PX will:

  1. Spin up 8 copies of your Python process (one per core)
  2. Distribute 4 processes per node
  3. Feed 7,500 files to each process

This is similar in principle to how GNU parallel works locally, but scaled across cloud infrastructure.

Process Parallelism ​

The default is 1:1 process parallelism per core. However, you can control job parallelism with the -p parameter:

bash
px job submit -c images -p 16 'python3 process.py'

For I/O-bound workloads, it often makes sense to double or triple the number of processes beyond the core count to take advantage of I/O interleaving.

Job Scheduling ​

PX uses a simple but effective job queue:

  • The "head node" receives job submissions from clients
  • Each job is instantly scheduled to the cluster
  • If another job is running, new jobs enter a FIFO queue
  • Jobs push input data partitions directly to running processes over the cluster LAN

Pleasingly Parallel Workloads ​

PX works best with "pleasingly parallel" (sometimes called "embarrassingly parallel") workloads:

  • Processes that read stdin and produce stdout without network calls
  • Processes that read files as inputs and produce different files as outputs
  • Tasks that don't require coordination between parallel instances

What Makes Code Pleasingly Parallel? ​

A Linux process is naturally parallel and idempotent when it:

  • Processes independent inputs (files, lines, records)
  • Produces independent outputs
  • Doesn't talk to external systems (databases, KV stores, APIs)
  • Doesn't maintain shared state

Understanding Idempotency ​

When running distributed workloads, idempotency matters. Your code should produce the same result whether it runs once or multiple times on the same input.

Issues arise when programs:

  • Talk to databases or KV stores
  • Call external APIs
  • Maintain shared state across instances
  • Use non-deterministic operations

PX is designed for workloads where each parallel instance operates independently on its partition of the data.